Kugwara ntivyongera amahirwe yo kwemeregwa ubuhunzi. Kubw’iyo mvo, wovuga ingwara ikomeye canke izindi ngwara ufise izari zo zose. Muri Norvege ushobora kuvugwa. Ushobora no kubona imfashanyo yo gusununura amagara yawe.
Abashinzwe amagara y’abantu muri Norvege babwirizwa kugumya amabanga y’umugwayi. Ivyo bisigura yuko ataburenganzira bafise bwo kuvuga ico ugwaye kiretse ubahaye uruhusha. Nta n’ubwo bemerewe gutanga izina ryawe canke ngo bagire uwo babwira ko urwaye.
Ukeneye umusobanuzi?
Ufise uburenganzira bwo kuronka umusobanuzi igihe wibaza yuko utazosobanukirwa ibizoba bivugwa. Abashinzwe amagara y’abantu nibo bategerezwa kukuronderera uwugusigurira mu gihe babonye ko bikenewe. Rimwe rimwe gusigura bikorwa kuri telephone. Igihe ukeneye umusiguzi, ubwirizwa kubivuga mbere y’uko uhura na muganga. Bishobora gufata iminsi kugira ngo umusiguzi aboneke. Abasiguzi bose babwirijwe kugumya ibanga.
Gushika ku gihe
Igihe uhanye isango n’uwushinzwe ubuvuzi, ni ngombwa gushika ku gihe. Ni ngombwa ngo ubamenyeshe mu gihe utabasha kuza kw’isango, canke nimba uza gushika ucerewe. Nimba utabamenyesheje, uzotakaza iyo sango yawe, kandi ubwirizwa gusaba iyindi. Mu mategeko utegerezwa kuriha amasango utubahirije.
Indwara zikomeye/gukomereka bikomeye
Igihe urwaye bikomeye canke wakomeretse bikomeye, ni ngombwa ngo ubimeneyeshe abakozi b’ikibanza cakira abantu ubamwo canke ibitaro vy’aho uba. Igihe utashoboye kugira uwo ubimenyesha mur’abo, utegerezwa gusaba uwundi muntu kugufasha kugirango uvugwe.Ushobora gutabaza kuri 113 kugirango uronke imodoka ijana abarwaye kwa muganga.
Gukebukana n’umuganga
Rondera umuganga igihe urwaye canke ufise ikindi kibazo c’amagara. Muri Norvege umuntu wese afise uburenganzira bwo kwihitirimwo umuganga avura indwara zitandukanye (Generaliste) ushobora kubona incuro nyinshi.
Abasaba ubuhunzi bafise uburenganzira bwo kuronka umuganga w’umu generaliste. Utegerezwa kuriha igihimba c’umukebukano wagiranye na muganga igihe cose mubonanye. Muganga avura indwara zitandukanye ashobora kukurungika ku muganga w’umuhinga (specialiste) iyo bikenewe. Abana bavugwa kuri gusa kugeza ku myaka kanaka.
Imiti
Amamangazini y’imiti acuruza imiti y’uburyo bwose. Umuntu ashobora kugura imiti ashaka, ariko imyinshi itangwa ku rwandiko rwa muganga. Imiti imwe imwe ishobora kugurirwa mu masoko asanzwe. Igihe ukeneye umuti w’indwara idakira, Leta irakurihira hafi amafaranga akenewe kugura umuti. Muganga agukurikirana arakwandikira “ururwandiko rw’imiti rw’ubururu”, bikagufasha kuriha ikiguzi gito gusa cy’agiciro cuwo muti.
Ingwara zo mu mutwe
Kuba uri impunzi utazi kazoza kawe biragoye. Ikiringo co kurindira gishobora kuba kirekire. Abantu benshi banacika intege. Abandi benshi bakumva hari ico babuze no kumva bafise ubwigunge. Ni ibisanzwe kubabara, kusinzira nabi, gushavura, kuruha canke kubura amahoro. Abantu bamwe baragwara imitwe, bakagira uburibwe canke bakayorwa.
Hari ibintu wewe ubwawe wakora vyogufasha mu gusununura amagara yawe ku birabana no mu mutwe. Kwinonora imitsi buri musi mu bisanzwe birafasha. Kwirukanga, gukina umupira w’amaguru, guterura ibiremereye no gukina ni vyiza ku kubireban no kugira amagara meza ku mubiri no mu mutwe. Nico kimwe no gusoma, kwiga, canke gufatanya n’abandi gukora ibikorwa rusange. Ikintu cose kigutuma ushira inguvu zawe mu kurangura igikorwa ni ciza kuri wewe. Kurera amaboko mu gihe urindiriye si vyiza kuri wewe.
Abantu benshi mu baba mu bibanza vyakira abashaka ubuhunzi, baciye mu kugirirwa nabi kwinshi, mu ngwano no mu ntureka. Bamwe muri bo barwara indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye kubera ivyo banyuzemwo. Izo ngorane zirashobora gukomezwa n’ukuba mu mico n’igihugu utamenyereye.Rondera uwushinzwe amagara y’abantu nimba ufise indwara yo mu mutwe kandi ukaba ukeneye gufashwa.
Indwara zo mu mutwe z’abana
Abana bakeneye umuntu ashobora kubatahura kandi abafasha. Abana babaye mu ntambara bakanagirirwa nabi barashobora kugira ingorane kuburyo bworoshe. Ni kimwe n’abana babuze ababo canke bahatwe kwicwa. Akenshi bagira ubwoba bwo kuguma bonyene, kuba ahatabona, canke bakamana ubwoba bw’ikibi cobashikira. Nimba abana bawe baraciiye mu bintu bigoye, ni ivya nkenegwa ko ubibwira abakozi bo mu kibanza ubamwo canke muganga.
Ivyo gufungura neza
Muri Norvege bizogusaba kurya ibitandukanye n’ivyo wari umenyereye. Mu gihe c’urushana hakanye cane, ni ngombwa ngo urye ibirimwo inyongera za ndemamubiri D (vitamineD) kugirango zisubirire ibizanwa n’umuco w’izuba. Kugirango ukomeze ugire amagara meza ni ngombwa ng’urye ibifungurwa vyiza kandi birimwo indemamubiri nkenerwa. Ni vyiza kurya ivyamwa, imboga, amafi, inyama, n’ibiva mu mata. Mu gihe udasobanukiwe neza imfungurwa nziza kuri wewe wosiguza mu kibanza cakwakiriye. Birakenewe cane ku bana kurya imfungurwa nziza. Rero ukurikiranire hafi ingene abana bafungura.
Isuku
Birakenewe cane kugira isuku aho uba. Biragabanya kwandura indwara. Udukoko twanduza dukunda ahantu hari umwanda nko mu gikoni canke mu tuzu twa surwumwe. Amabesani yo kumesuriramwo impuzu, utuzu twa surwumwe, aho kwiyuhagirira, imiringoti n’ahandi amazi aca hategerezwa gukorerwa isuku.
Isuku ry’umuntu
Isuku ry’umuntu rirakenewe cane kugirango yirinde ingwara. Ni vyiza ko ukaraba n’isabune uvuye mu kazu ka surwumwe, imbere yo guteka ni igihe urangije guteka.
Kubungabunga amenyo
Ibisigarira vy’indya n’imyanda biragwira hagati y’amenyo. Kurinda amenyo yawe ngo ntabungwe, wokwiyunyugurisha umujigiti n’umuti w’amenyo. Amenyo y’abana nayo ategerezwa kwozwa mu bwitonzi. Igisha abana bawe kubungabunga amenyo yabo. Kubonana n’umuganga w’amenyo birazimvye cane.
Indwara zandukira mu kurangura amabanga y’abubatse
Indwara zose z’ibitsina vy’irondoka zandukira habaye kurangura amabanga y’abubatse. Udukingirizo tw’abagabo nutw’ abagore nitwo twonyene turinda ingwara zifatira mu kurangura amabanga y’abubatse. Udukingirizo tw’abagabo tugurirwa mu maduka y’imiti n’ayandi masoko manini hafi ya yose. Utw’abagore tugurirwa maduka y’imiti gusa.
Ufise uburenganzira bwo kwisuzumisha no kwivuza, kuri gusa, indwara zifatira mu mabanga y’abubatse. Izo ndwara ni nk’umugera wa sida, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, Chlamydia na genital warts.
Baza abakozi b’ikibanza bakiriramwo abantu, ubamwo, canke ubaze muganga niwoba ukeneye kumenya vyinshi.
Umugera utera Sida na sida
Igihe washika muri Norvege wahawe amahirwe yo kwipimisha umugera wa sida. Uwo mugera wandukira iyo habaye kurangura amabanga y’abubatse ata gakingirizo no mu gutanga amaraso. Uwo mugera kandi urandukira unyuze mu kwonsa.
Udukingirizo turarinda umugera wa Sida. Ukoreshe agakingirizo igihe cose worangurana amabanga y’abubatse n’umuntu utazi neza ko adafise uwo mugera.
Kubana no kubonana n’abantu ntivyandukiza umugera wa Sida. Niba ufise umugera wa sida canke urwaye sida ufise uburenganzira ku mfashanyo yo kwa muganga. Baza abakozi b’ikibanza cakirirwamo abantu ubamwo, canke ubaze mu muganga niwoba ukeneye kumenya vyinshi.
Mu imigenzo y’ibihugu bimwe bimwe, abagore barakebwa. Muri Norvege ugukebwa kw’abagore kurihanikirijwe. Ugukebwa kw’abagore bifatwa nko gucacura igihimba co ku gitsina gore. Muri Norvege umuntu wese yokekwako canke afasha guca ibihimba vy’abapfasoni, atabwa mu munyororo mu gihe gishobora kugera ku myaka umunani. Itegeko rifata uwo ari we wese aba muri Norvege n’aho ivyo vyoba vyarakorewe mu kindi gihugu.
Abakenyezi benshi baza muri Norvege baba barakebwe. Gukebwa bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye ku bakenyezi. Abashinzwe kubungabunga amagara y’abantu, baratanga impanuro bakanafasha abakebwe.
Kuvyara ku rugero
Abashinzwe amagara y’abantu, bashobora gusigura uburyo bwinshi bwo kwirinda gusama inda. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ku bagabo ni udukingirizo. Abapfasoni bafise uburyo bwinshi bo hitamwo, nk’akarorero ibinini, inshinge, plasters na sterilet. Baza abashinzwe kubungabunga amagara y’abantu uburyo bwiza kuri wewe kandi buberanye neza n’ubuzima bwawe.
Gukorora inda
Muri Norvege abapfasoni bafise uburenganzira bwo gufata ingingo yo gukorora inda mu kiringo c’amayinga 12. Uruhusha rwa muganga, umupadiri, umukuru w’umusigiti, canke uwundi muntu ntirukenewe. Eka n’umugabo wawe nta burenganzira afise n’aho yoba ari se w’urwo ruhinja rutaravuka.
Umukenyezi ategerezwa kuvugana na muganga canke umupfasoni yakira ababyeyi igihe ashaka gukorora inda. Umupfasoni ashaka gukorora inda inyuma y’ikiringo c’amayinga 12, abwirizwa kubona uruhusha rw’umurwi w’abantu bakora muvy’amagara y’abantu ukorera mu bitaro vya hafi. Umupfasoni yakira abavyeyi canke muganga afise inshingano zo gufasha umukenyezi gusaba ivyo.
Ibikorwa mbere yo kuvyara
Igihe wibungenze ni ngombwa ng’uze urisuzumisha kenshi. Uhitamwo nimba wifuza guhana isango n’umupfasoni yakira ababyeyi, muganga, canke ugasaba isango mw’ivuriro rishinzwe amagara y’abana.
Abapfasoni bakira abavyeyi, hamwe n’abaganga, bafise ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma abakenyezi bibungenze. Niwaba uvyifuza ushobora kujana n’umuntu ushatse kuri iyo sango. Hagize ingorane zivyuka mu kwibungenga kwawe, muganga canke umupfasoni yakira abavyeyi arakurungika kubonana n’umuhanga kabuhariwe mu vyo kwakira abavyeyi.
Kuja kenshi ku masango yo kwisuzumisha imbere y’uko wibaruka, birimwo ivyiza vyinshi. Amagara yawe n’ay’uruhinja rutaravuka aracungerwa kandi ugahabwa insiguro n’imfashanyo. Ayo masango yose ntarihwa.
